Translations:Benutzer:Arian/Klett-Mini-Test/322/en

Tremendous upheavals mark the threshold passage into the modern era, into the Age of the Consciousness Soul. Europe begins to articulate itself into nation-states. The deed of the Maid of Orleans (1412–1431) initiates the process of territorial separation of France and England; the seafarers from the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal open up the sea-routes to distant lands; from abstracting thought the newer sciences establish themselves; Copernicus (1473–1543) "sets the earth turning around the sun"; Church and aristocracy fall into orthodoxy; both insist on their privileges and contend for power; the cities grow and with them the bourgeoisie. The arts mirror the shift in consciousness most plainly — as when, for instance, the gold-ground painting, an image of the eternal breaking into the temporal, is displaced by the